Njengamanje, kunezinqubo eziningi zokukhiqiza zezakhiwo ezihlanganisiwe, ezingasetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni nasekukhiqizeni izakhiwo ezahlukene.Kodwa-ke, uma kucatshangelwa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqizwa kwezimboni kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza zemboni yezindiza, ikakhulukazi izindiza zomphakathi, kuyaphuthuma ukwenza ngcono inqubo yokwelapha ukuze kuncishiswe isikhathi nezindleko.I-Rapid Prototyping iyindlela entsha yokukhiqiza esekelwe ezimisweni zokwakheka okuhlukene nokunqwabelene, okuwubuchwepheshe bokwenza ama-prototyping obubiza kancane.Ubuchwepheshe obujwayelekile buhlanganisa ukubunjwa kokucindezelwa, ukwakheka kwe-liquid, kanye nokwakhiwa kwe-thermoplastic composite material.
1. Isikhunta sicindezela ubuchwepheshe be-prototyping ngokushesha
Ubuchwepheshe be-prototyping obusheshayo bokubumba kuyinqubo ebeka izikhala ze-pre-preg ezibekwe ngaphambili ekubunjweni kokubumba, futhi ngemva kokuba isikhunta sivaliwe, izikhala ziyahlanganiswa futhi ziqiniswe ngokushisa nokucindezela.Ijubane lokubumba liyashesha, usayizi womkhiqizo unembile, futhi ikhwalithi yokubumba izinzile futhi iyafana.Ihlanganiswe nobuchwepheshe be-automation, ingafinyelela ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi, i-automation, kanye nokukhiqizwa okungabizi kakhulu kwezingxenye zesakhiwo se-carbon fibre composite emkhakheni wezokundiza komphakathi.
Izinyathelo zokubumba:
① Thola isikhunta sensimbi esinamandla aphezulu esifana nobukhulu bezingxenye ezidingekayo zokukhiqiza, bese ufaka isikhunta ngokucindezela bese usishisa.
② Yenza kusengaphambili izinto eziyinhlanganisela ezidingekayo zibe sesimweni sesikhunta.Ukwenza i-Preforming kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile esiza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezingxenye eziqediwe.
③ Faka izingxenye ezenziwe ngaphambilini esikhunjeni esishisayo.Bese ucindezela isikhunta ngengcindezi ephezulu kakhulu, ngokuvamile esukela ku-800psi kuya ku-2000psi (kuye ngokuthi ubukhulu bengxenye kanye nohlobo lwento esetshenzisiwe).
④ Ngemuva kokukhulula ukucindezela, susa ingxenye esikhunjini bese ususa noma yimaphi ama-burrs.
Izinzuzo zokubumba:
Ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, ukubumba kuwubuchwepheshe obudumile.Ingxenye yesizathu esenza idume yingoba isebenzisa izinto ezihlanganisiwe eziyinhlanganisela.Uma kuqhathaniswa nezingxenye zensimbi, lezi zinto zivame ukuba namandla, zilula, futhi azikwazi ukugqwala, okuholela ezintweni ezinezakhiwo ezingcono zemishini.
Enye inzuzo yokubumba ikhono layo lokukhiqiza izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.Nakuba lobu buchwepheshe bungakwazi ukufeza ngokugcwele isivinini sokukhiqiza sokubunjwa komjovo wepulasitiki, bunikeza ubujamo bejometri obungaphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto ezivamile eziyinhlanganisela ye-laminated.Uma kuqhathaniswa nokubunjwa komjovo wepulasitiki, iphinde ivumele imicu emide, okwenza izinto zibe namandla.Ngakho-ke, ukubumba kungabonwa njengendawo ephakathi phakathi kokubunjwa komjovo wepulasitiki kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezinto ezihlanganisiwe ezihlanganisiwe.
1.1 Inqubo Yokwenza I-SMC
I-SMC iyisifinyezo seshidi lensimbi eyenza izinto eziyinhlanganisela, okungukuthi, insimbi yensimbi eyenza izinto eziyinhlanganisela.Izinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko zakhiwe ngentambo ekhethekile ye-SMC, i-resin engagcwalisiwe, izithasiselo ezinciphayo eziphansi, izigcwalisi, nezithasiselo ezahlukahlukene.Ekuqaleni kwawo-1960, yaqala ukuvela eYurophu.Cishe ngo-1965, i-United States ne-Japan zilandelana zathuthukisa lobu buchwepheshe.Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980, i-China yethula imigqa yokukhiqiza ye-SMC ethuthukisiwe nezinqubo ezivela phesheya.I-SMC inezinzuzo ezifana nokusebenza kukagesi okuphakeme, ukumelana nokugqwala, isisindo esilula, kanye nomklamo wobunjiniyela olula novumelana nezimo.Izakhiwo zayo zemishini zingaqhathaniswa nezinto ezithile zensimbi, ngakho-ke isetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezifana nezokuthutha, ezokwakha, ezogesi, nobunjiniyela bukagesi.
1.2 Inqubo Yokwenza I-BMC
Ngo-1961, i-unsaturated resin sheet molding compound (SMC) eyakhiwe yi-Bayer AG eJalimane yethulwa.Ngeminyaka yo-1960, i-Bulk Molding Compound (BMC) yaqala ukukhuthazwa, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-DMC (i-Dough Molding Compound) e-Europe, eyayingashubiswanga ekuqaleni kwayo (1950s);Ngokwencazelo yaseMelika, i-BMC iyi-BMC ejiyile.Ngemva kokwamukela ubuchwepheshe baseYurophu, iJapane yenze impumelelo enkulu ekusetshenzisweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwe-BMC, futhi ngeminyaka yawo-1980, ubuchwepheshe base bukhule kakhulu.Kuze kube manje, i-matrix esetshenziswe ku-BMC isiyi-resin ye-polyester engagcwele.
I-BMC ingeyamapulasitiki e-thermosetting.Ngokusekelwe ezicini ezibonakalayo, izinga lokushisa lomgqomo wezinto zomshini wokubumba umjovo akufanele libe phezulu kakhulu ukuze kube lula ukugeleza kwezinto.Ngakho-ke, enqubweni yokubumba umjovo we-BMC, ukulawula izinga lokushisa lomgqomo wezinto ezibonakalayo kubaluleke kakhulu, futhi uhlelo lokulawula kufanele lube khona ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukufaneleka kwezinga lokushisa, ukuze kuzuzwe izinga lokushisa elilungile ukusuka esigabeni sokuphakela ukuya endaweni. umlomo wombhobho.
1.3 Ukubumba kwe-Polycyclopentadiene (PDCPD).
Ukubumba kwe-Polycyclopentadiene (PDCPD) ngokuvamile kuyi-matrix emsulwa kunepulasitiki eqinisiwe.Umgomo wenqubo yokubumba i-PDCPD, owavela ngo-1984, ungaphansi kwesigaba esifanayo nokubunjwa kwe-polyurethane (PU), futhi yasungulwa okokuqala yi-United States ne-Japan.
I-Telene, inkampani engaphansi kwenkampani yaseJapane i-Zeon Corporation (etholakala e-Bondues, e-France), izuze impumelelo enkulu ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwe-PDCPD kanye nokusebenza kwayo kwezohwebo.
Inqubo yokubumba ye-RIM ngokwayo kulula ukuzenzela futhi inezindleko eziphansi zabasebenzi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinqubo ezifana nokufutha kwe-FRP, i-RTM, noma i-SMC.Izindleko zokukhunta ezisetshenziswa yi-PDCPD RIM ziphansi kakhulu kunalezo ze-SMC.Isibonelo, isikhunta se-hood ye-injini ye-Kenworth W900L isebenzisa igobolondo le-nickel kanye ne-cast aluminium core, ene-resin ephansi ye-density ene-gravity ethize ye-1.03 kuphela, engagcini nje ukunciphisa izindleko kodwa futhi inciphisa isisindo.
1.4 Ukwakhiwa Okuqondile Ku-inthanethi Kwezinto Ezihlanganisiwe Ze-Thermoplastic Ezenziwe Nge-Fiber (LFT-D)
Cishe ngo-1990, i-LFT (i-Long Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics Direct) yethulwa emakethe eYurophu naseMelika.I-CPI Company e-United States iyinkampani yokuqala emhlabeni eyakha imishini yokubumba eqondile emgqeni ende eyinhlanganisela ye-thermoplastic kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhambisanayo (LFT-D, Direct In Line Mixing).Ingene ekusebenzeni kwezohwebo ngo-1991 futhi ingumholi womhlaba wonke kulo mkhakha.I-Diffenbarcher, inkampani yaseJalimane, ibicwaninga ubuchwepheshe be-LFT-D kusukela ngo-1989. Njengamanje, kukhona ikakhulukazi i-LFT D, i-Tailored LFT (engakwazi ukufeza ukuqiniswa kwendawo okusekelwe ekucindezelekeni kwesakhiwo), kanye ne-Advanced Surface LFT-D (indawo ebonakalayo, indawo ephezulu. izinga) ubuchwepheshe.Ngokombono womugqa wokukhiqiza, izinga lomshini we-Diffenbarcher liphezulu kakhulu.Uhlelo lwe-D-LFT extrusion lwenkampani yaseJalimane Coperation lisesikhundleni esiphambili emhlabeni jikelele.
1.5 I-Mouldless Casting Manufacturing Technology (PCM)
I-PCM (I-Pattern less Casting Manufacturing) ithuthukiswe yi-Laser Rapid Prototyping Center yase-Tsinghua University.Ubuchwepheshe be-prototyping obusheshayo kufanele busetshenziswe ezinqubweni zendabuko zokuphonsa isihlabathi se-resin.Okokuqala, thola imodeli ye-CAD yokusakaza engxenyeni yemodeli ye-CAD.Ifayela le-STL lemodeli ye-CAD yokusakaza lendlalwe ukuze kutholwe ulwazi lwephrofayela ehlukene, oluse lusetshenziselwe ukukhiqiza ulwazi lokulawula.Phakathi nenqubo yokubumba, umlomo wombhobho wokuqala ufafaza ingcina ngokunembile ungqimba ngalunye lwesihlabathi ngokulawula ikhompyutha, kuyilapho umlomo wombhobho wesibili ufafaza i-catalyst ngendlela efanayo.Laba ababili babhekana nokuhlangana, baqinise ungqimba lwesihlabathi ngongqimba bese benza inqwaba.Isihlabathi esisendaweni lapho okunamathelayo kanye ne-catalyst kusebenza ndawonye siqiniswa ndawonye, kuyilapho isihlabathi kwezinye izindawo sihlala sisesimweni esiyimbudumbudu.Ngemva kokuphulukisa ungqimba olulodwa, ungqimba olulandelayo luboshwe, futhi ngemva kokuba zonke izingqimba ziboshwe, kutholakala inhlangano yendawo.Isihlabathi sokuqala siseyisihlabathi esomile ezindaweni lapho okunamathelayo kungafuthwanga khona, okwenza kube lula ukususa.Ngokuhlanza isihlabathi esomile esingakaqedwa phakathi nendawo, isikhunta sokuphonsa esinogqinsi oluthile lodonga singatholakala.Ngemuva kokufaka noma ukufaka upende endaweni engaphakathi yesikhunta sesihlabathi, ingasetshenziselwa ukuthulula insimbi.
Iphuzu lokushisa lokuphulukisa lenqubo ye-PCM livamise ukuba ngu-170 ℃.Ukubeka okubandayo kwangempela kanye nokuhlubula okubandayo okusetshenziselwa inqubo ye-PCM kuhlukile ekubumbeni.Ukubeka okubandayo kanye nokuhlubula okubandayo kuhilela kancane kancane ukubeka i-prepreg esikhumbeni ngokuvumelana nezidingo zesakhiwo somkhiqizo lapho isikhunta sisekupheleni okubandayo, bese uvala isikhunta ngomshini wokwenza ngemuva kokuqedwa kokubekwa ukuze kunikeze ingcindezi ethile.Ngalesi sikhathi, isikhunta siyashiswa sisebenzisa umshini wokushisa wesikhunta, Inqubo evamile ukuphakamisa izinga lokushisa kusuka ekamelweni lokushisa kuya ku-170 ℃, futhi izinga lokushisa lidinga ukulungiswa ngokuvumelana nemikhiqizo ehlukene.Iningi lazo lenziwe ngalo pulasitiki.Lapho izinga lokushisa lesikhunta lifinyelela izinga lokushisa elibekiwe, ukugcinwa kwe-insulation kanye nokucindezela kwenziwa ukuze kuphulukiswe umkhiqizo ekushiseni okuphezulu.Ngemuva kokuqedwa kokuphulukiswa, kuyadingeka futhi ukusebenzisa umshini wokushisa wesikhunta ukupholisa izinga lokushisa lesikhunta ekushiseni okujwayelekile, futhi izinga lokushisa liphinde libekwe ku-3-5 ℃ / min, Bese uqhubeka nokuvula isikhunta kanye nokukhipha ingxenye.
2. Ubuchwepheshe bokwenza uketshezi
Ubuchwepheshe bokubumba uketshezi (i-LCM) bubhekisela ochungechungeni lobuchwepheshe bokwenza izinto ezihlanganisiwe ezibeka kuqala imicu eyomile endaweni evalekile yokukhunta, bese ijova inhlaka ewuketshezi endaweni yokubumba ngemva kokuvalwa kwesikhunta.Ngaphansi kwengcindezi, i-resin iyageleza futhi icwilise imicu.Uma kuqhathaniswa nenqubo yokwenza i-hot pressing can, i-LCM inezinzuzo eziningi, njengokufanelekela izingxenye zokukhiqiza ezinokunemba okuphezulu kwe-dimensional nokubukeka okuyinkimbinkimbi;Izindleko eziphansi zokukhiqiza nokusebenza okulula.
Ikakhulukazi inqubo ye-RTM enengcindezi ephezulu eyakhiwe eminyakeni yamuva, i-HP-RTM (High Pressure Resin Transfer Molding), efushanisiwe njengenqubo yokubumba ye-HP-RTM.Kubhekiselwa kwinqubo yokubumba yokusebenzisa ingcindezi enengcindezi ephezulu ukuxuba nokujova i-resin esikhunjeni esivalekile esivalwe ngaphambili esibekwe ngezinto eziqiniswe nge-fiber kanye nezinto ezishunyekiwe ngaphambili, bese kutholwa imikhiqizo eyinhlanganisela yezinto ngokugcwaliswa kokugeleza kwe-resin, ukumiliselwa, ukuphulukiswa, kanye nokudilizwa. .Ngokunciphisa isikhathi somjovo, kulindeleke ukuthi kulawulwe isikhathi sokwenziwa kwezingxenye zesakhiwo sezindiza phakathi namashumi emizuzu, kuzuzwe okuqukethwe kwefayibha ephezulu kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezingxenye ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.
Inqubo yokwenza i-HP-RTM ingenye yezinqubo zokwakha izinto eziyinhlanganisela esetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini eziningi.Izinzuzo zayo zisethubeni lokuzuza izindleko eziphansi, umjikelezo omfushane, ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi, nokukhiqizwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu (ngekhwalithi enhle yendawo) uma kuqhathaniswa nezinqubo ze-RTM zendabuko.Isetshenziswa kabanzi ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ezifana nokukhiqiza izimoto, ukwakhiwa kwemikhumbi, ukukhiqiza izindiza, imishini yezolimo, ezokuthutha ngololiwe, ukukhiqiza amandla omoya, izimpahla zezemidlalo, njll.
3. Ubuchwepheshe bokwenza izinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-Thermoplastic
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, izinto eziyinhlanganisela ye-thermoplastic seziphenduke isizinda socwaningo emkhakheni wokukhiqiza izinto eziyinhlanganisela kokubili ngaphakathi nangaphandle, ngenxa yezinzuzo zazo zokumelana nomthelela ophezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu, ukubekezelela umonakalo omkhulu, nokumelana nokushisa okuhle.Ukushisela ngezinto eziyinhlanganisela ye-thermoplastic kunganciphisa kakhulu inani lokuxhunywa kwe-rivet nebhawodi ezakhiweni zezindiza, kuthuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza nokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza.Ngokusho kwe-Airframe Collins Aerospace, umphakeli wezinga lokuqala wezakhiwo zezindiza, okungacindezelwanga ukushisa kungakha izakhiwo ze-thermoplastic ezishiselayo zinamandla okufinyeza umjikelezo wokukhiqiza ngama-80% uma kuqhathaniswa nezingxenye eziyinhlanganisela zensimbi ne-thermosetting.
Ukusetshenziswa kwenani elifaneleka kakhulu lezinto zokwakha, ukukhethwa kwenqubo yokonga kakhulu, ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ezingxenyeni ezifanele, ukufezwa kwezinhloso zokuklama ezinqunywe kusengaphambili, kanye nokuzuzwa kwesilinganiso sezindleko zokusebenza kwemikhiqizo bekulokhu kuyisiqondiso. yemizamo yabasebenzi bezinto ezihlanganisiwe.Ngikholelwa ukuthi izinqubo eziningi zokubumba zizothuthukiswa esikhathini esizayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zedizayini yokukhiqiza.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-21-2023
