Inqubo yokubunjwa kokudluliselwa kwe-resin (RTM) iyinqubo evamile yokubumba uketshezi yezinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-fiber-reinforced resin, ezihlanganisa ikakhulukazi:
(1) Dizayina ama-fiber preforms ngokuya ngokuma kanye nezidingo zokusebenza kwemishini yezingxenye ezidingekayo;
(2) Beka i-fiber preform eklanywe ngaphambili esibunjeni, vala isikhunta futhi usicindezele ukuze uthole ingxenyenamba yevolumu ehambisanayo ye-fiber preform;
(3) Ngaphansi komjovo okhethekile, faka i-resin esikhunjeni ngokucindezela okuthile namazinga okushisa ukuze uqede umoya futhi uwucwilise ku-fiber preform;
(4) Ngemuva kokuthi i-fiber preform icwiliswe ngokuphelele ku-resin, ukusabela kokuphulukisa kwenziwa ekushiseni okuthile kuze kuqedwe ukusabela kokuphulukisa, futhi umkhiqizo wokugcina ukhishwe.
Ukucindezela kokudluliswa kwe-resin kuyipharamitha eyinhloko okufanele ilawulwe kunqubo ye-RTM.Lokhu kucindezela kusetshenziselwa ukunqoba ukumelana okuhlangatshezwane nakho ngesikhathi sokujova emgodini wesikhunta kanye nokucwiliswa kwezinto eziqinisayo.Isikhathi sokuthi i-resin iqedele ukudluliselwa sihlobene nokucindezela kwesistimu nezinga lokushisa, futhi isikhathi esifushane singathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.Kodwa uma izinga lokugeleza kwe-resin liphezulu kakhulu, i-adhesive ayikwazi ukungena ezintweni zokuqinisa ngesikhathi, futhi izingozi zingenzeka ngenxa yokwanda kwengcindezi yesistimu.Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuthi izinga loketshezi lwe-resin elingena esikhunjeni phakathi nenqubo yokudlulisa akufanele likhuphuke ngokushesha kuno-25mm/min.Gada inqubo yokudlulisa inhlaka ngokubheka imbobo yokukhipha.Ngokuvamile kucatshangwa ukuthi inqubo yokudlulisa iqedwa lapho zonke izimbobo zokubuka esikhunjeni sezichichima ingcina futhi zingasakhiphi amabhamuza, futhi inani langempela le-resin engeziwe ngokuyisisekelo lilingana nenani elilindelekile le-resin engeziwe.Ngakho-ke, ukumiswa kwezindawo zokukhipha umoya kufanele kucatshangelwe ngokucophelela.
Ukukhethwa kwe-resin
Ukukhethwa kwesistimu ye-resin kuyisihluthulelo senqubo ye-RTM.I-viscosity efanelekile yi-0.025-0.03Pa • s lapho i-resin ikhishwa emgodini wesikhunta futhi ingena ngokushesha emiculweni.I-polyester resin ine-viscosity ephansi futhi ingagcwaliswa ngomjovo obandayo ekamelweni lokushisa.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yezidingo ezihlukene zokusebenza komkhiqizo, izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-resin zizokhethwa, futhi i-viscosity yabo ngeke ifane.Ngakho-ke, ubukhulu bepayipi nekhanda lomjovo kufanele kuklanywe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokugeleza kwezingxenye ezikhethekile ezifanele.Ama-resin afanele inqubo ye-RTM afaka i-polyester resin, i-epoxy resin, i-phenolic resin, i-polyimide resin, njll.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokuqinisa
Enqubweni ye-RTM, izinto zokuqinisa zingakhethwa njenge-glass fiber, i-graphite fiber, i-carbon fiber, i-silicon carbide, ne-aramid fiber.Izinhlobonhlobo zingakhethwa ngokuya ngezidingo zokuklama, kufaka phakathi imicu emifushane, izindwangu ezingaqondile, izindwangu zama-axis amaningi, ukuluka, ukunitha, izinto eziyisisekelo, noma ama-preforms.
Ngokombono wokusebenza komkhiqizo, izingxenye ezikhiqizwe yile nqubo zinengxenye ephezulu yevolumu yefiber futhi zingaklanywa ngokuqiniswa kwefayibha yendawo ngokuya ngokuma okuqondile kwezingxenye, okuzuzisa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza komkhiqizo.Ngokombono wezindleko zokukhiqiza, u-70% wezindleko zezingxenye eziyinhlanganisela zivela ezindlekweni zokukhiqiza.Ngakho-ke, indlela yokunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza kuyindaba ebalulekile edinga ukuxazululwa ngokushesha ekuthuthukiseni izinto ezihlanganisiwe.Uma kuqhathaniswa nobuchwepheshe bethangi lokucindezela elivamile lokukhiqiza izinto eziyinhlanganisela ye-resin, inqubo ye-RTM ayidingi izindikimba zamathangi abizayo, inciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokukhiqiza.Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingxenye ezikhiqizwa inqubo ye-RTM azinqunyelwe ubukhulu bethangi, futhi ububanzi besayizi bezingxenye buguquguqukayo, obungakwazi ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezinkulu neziphezulu ezihlanganisiwe.Sekukonke, inqubo ye-RTM isetshenziswe kabanzi futhi yathuthukiswa ngokushesha emkhakheni wokukhiqiza izinto eziyinhlanganisela, futhi nakanjani izoba inqubo ehamba phambili ekukhiqizeni izinto eziyinhlanganisela.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imikhiqizo eyinhlanganisela yezinto embonini yokukhiqiza i-aerospace ishintshile kancane kancane isuka ezingxenyeni ezingathwali mthwalo kanye nezingxenye ezincane yaya ezintweni ezithwalayo ezinkulu kanye nezingxenye ezinkulu ezihlanganisiwe.Kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokwenziwa kwezinto eziyinhlanganisela ezinkulu nezisebenza kahle kakhulu.Ngakho-ke, izinqubo ezifana ne-vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VA-RTM) kanye ne-light resin transfer molding (L-RTM) zenziwe.
Inqubo yokubumba ye-vacuum yokudlulisa inhlaka ye-VA-RTM
Inqubo yokubumba yokudlulisa i-vacuum yokusiza ukudluliselwa kwe-resin i-VA-RTM iwubuchwepheshe benqubo obususelwe kunqubo yendabuko ye-RTM.Inqubo eyinhloko yale nqubo ukusebenzisa amaphampu e-vacuum nezinye izinto zokusebenza ukuze kukhishwe ngaphakathi kwesikhunta lapho i-fiber preform itholakala khona, ukuze i-resin ifakwe esikhunjini ngaphansi kwesenzo se-vacuum negative pressure, ifinyelele inqubo yokungena. i-fiber preform, futhi ekugcineni iqina futhi yakheke ngaphakathi kwesikhunta ukuze kutholwe umumo odingekayo kanye nengxenye yevolumu yefiber yezingxenye zempahla eyinhlanganisela.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nobuchwepheshe bendabuko be-RTM, ubuchwepheshe be-VA-RTM busebenzisa ukupompa i-vacuum ngaphakathi kwesikhunta, okunganciphisa ingcindezi yomjovo ngaphakathi kwesikhunta futhi kunciphise kakhulu ukuguqulwa kwesikhunta kanye ne-fiber preform, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe izidingo zokusebenza zenqubo yemishini kanye nesikhunta. .Iphinde ivumele ubuchwepheshe be-RTM ukuthi busebenzise isikhunta esilula, esizuzisa ukwehlisa izindleko zokukhiqiza.Ngakho-ke, lobu buchwepheshe bufaneleka kakhulu ekukhiqizeni izingxenye ezinkulu eziyinhlanganisela, Isibonelo, ipuleti eliyinhlanganisela yesangweji legwebu ingenye yezingxenye ezinkulu ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni we-aerospace.
Sekukonke, inqubo ye-VA-RTM ifaneleka kakhulu ekulungiseleleni izingxenye zenhlanganisela ye-aerospace enkulu futhi esebenza kahle kakhulu.Kodwa-ke, le nqubo isasetshenziswa ngomshini e-China, okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle kokukhiqizwa komkhiqizo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuklanywa kwamapharamitha wenqubo ikakhulukazi kuncike kokuhlangenwe nakho, futhi ukuklama okuhlakaniphile akukakafinyelelwa, okwenza kube nzima ukulawula ngokunembile ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo.Ngasikhathi sinye, ucwaningo oluningi luye lwabonisa ukuthi ama-gradients okucindezela akhiqizwa kalula ekuqondeni kokugeleza kwe-resin phakathi nale nqubo, ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa izikhwama ze-vacuum, kuzoba nezinga elithile lokuphumula kwengcindezi ngaphambili kokugeleza kwe-resin, okuzokwenza kuthinta ukungena kwe-resin, kubangele amabhamuza ukuthi akheke ngaphakathi kwendawo yokusebenza, futhi kunciphise izakhiwo zomshini zomkhiqizo.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusatshalaliswa kwengcindezi engalingani kuzobangela ukusatshalaliswa kokuqina okungalingani kwe-workpiece, okuthinta ikhwalithi yokubukeka kwe-workpiece yokugcina, Lokhu futhi kuyinselele yobuchwepheshe ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obusadinga ukuyixazulula.
Inqubo yokubumba yokudlulisa inhlaka ekhanyayo Inqubo ye-L-RTM
Inqubo ye-L-RTM yokubunjwa kokudluliswa kwe-resin engasindi iwuhlobo olusha lobuchwepheshe olwakhiwe ngesisekelo sobuchwepheshe benqubo ye-VA-RTM yendabuko.Njengoba kuboniswe emfanekisweni, isici esiyinhloko salolu buchwepheshe benqubo ukuthi isikhunta esiphansi sithatha insimbi noma enye isikhunta esiqinile, futhi isikhunta esiphezulu sithatha isikhunta esine-semi rigid lightweight.Ingaphakathi lesikhunta lakhiwe ngesakhiwo sokuvala kabili, futhi isikhunta esiphezulu silungiswa ngaphandle nge-vacuum, kuyilapho ingaphakathi lisebenzisa i-vacuum ukwethula i-resin.Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwesikhunta esiqinile ekubunjweni okuphezulu kwale nqubo, kanye nesimo se-vacuum ngaphakathi kwesikhunta, ukucindezela ngaphakathi kwesikhunta kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza isikhunta ngokwazo ziyancipha kakhulu.Lobu buchwepheshe bungakhiqiza izingxenye ezinkulu eziyinhlanganisela.Uma kuqhathaniswa nenqubo ye-VA-RTM yendabuko, ubukhulu bezingxenye ezitholwe yile nqubo bufana kakhulu futhi ikhwalithi yezindawo ezingaphezulu neziphansi ziphakeme.Ngasikhathi sinye, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziqinile esikhunjeni esiphezulu kungasetshenziswa kabusha, Lobu buchwepheshe bugwema ukuchithwa kwezikhwama ze-vacuum kwinqubo ye-VA-RTM, okwenza bufaneleke kakhulu ukukhiqiza izingxenye eziyinhlanganisela ye-aerospace enezidingo zekhwalithi ephezulu.
Nokho, enqubweni yangempela yokukhiqiza, kusenezinkinga ezithile zobuchwepheshe kule nqubo:
(1) Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezinto eziqinile esikhunjeni esingaphezulu, ukuqina okunganele kwempahla kungaholela kalula ekuweni ngesikhathi senqubo yesikhunta esilungisiwe sevacuum, okuholela ekushubeni okungalingani kwesiqeshana sokusebenza futhi kuthinte ikhwalithi yayo ephezulu.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuqina kwesikhunta nakho kuthinta isikhathi sokuphila kwesikhunta ngokwaso.Ungayikhetha kanjani into efanelekile engaqinile njengesikhunta se-L-RTM kungenye yezinkinga zobuchwepheshe ekusetshenzisweni kwale nqubo.
(2) Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwe-vacuum pumping ngaphakathi kwesikhunta sobuchwepheshe benqubo ye-L-RTM, ukuvala isikhunta kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuqhubekeleni phambili okushelelayo kwenqubo.Ukuvalwa okunganele kungabangela ukungena kwe-resin okwanele ngaphakathi kwendawo yokusebenza, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukusebenza kwayo.Ngakho-ke, ubuchwepheshe bokuvalwa kwesikhunta bungenye yezinkinga zobuchwepheshe ekusetshenzisweni kwale nqubo.
(3) I-resin esetshenziselwa inqubo ye-L-RTM kufanele igcine i-viscosity ephansi phakathi nenqubo yokugcwalisa ukunciphisa ukucindezela komjovo nokuthuthukisa impilo yesevisi yesikhunta.Ukwakha i-resin matrix efanelekile kungenye yezinkinga zobuchwepheshe ekusetshenzisweni kwale nqubo.
(4) Enqubweni ye-L-RTM, ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuklama iziteshi zokugeleza kusikhunta ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukugeleza kwe-resin efanayo.Uma ukwakheka kwesiteshi sokugeleza kungenangqondo, kungabangela ukukhubazeka njengamabala omile namafutha acebile ezingxenyeni, kuthinte kakhulu ikhwalithi yokugcina yezingxenye.Ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinezinhlangothi ezintathu, indlela yokuklama isiteshi sokugeleza kwesikhunta ngokunengqondo futhi kungenye yezinkinga zobuchwepheshe ekusetshenzisweni kwale nqubo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-18-2024
